The Indigenous peoples located on Vancouver Island historically occupied land that was considered prime territory from the perspective of colonial settlers. The weather and landscape of the region made it a desirable place for European immigrants, as well as the Hudson’s Bay Company. Prior to the development of Fort Victoria, the Indigenous peoples in the area survived on their ability to hunt, gather, and fish, in addition to a variety of other trades. Following the arrival of colonial forces and European settlers, Fort Victoria was developed and quickly became the provincial capital, as well as the location of the Hudson’s Bay Company’s headquarters.
The Indigenous groups in the region played a significant role in the fur trade and were considered valuable to colonial settlement due to their knowledge of the land, as well as their willingness to be employed for relatively inexpensive wages. Following the arrival of colonial settlers, and the relocation of Indigenous reserves, the Indigenous peoples on Vancouver Island received compensation in the form of cash (which was audited in subsequent years by the DIA). The new capital obtained by the Indigenous peoples gave them the option of pursuing alternative careers, however, many continued to earn their living and provide for their families through their traditional trades.
Following the new fishing regulations imposed on Indigenous peoples by the Federal Fisheries Department in 1913, that restricted Indigenous fishing practices and rights significantly, many labourers and families on reserves suffered immensely. Additionally, due to the refusal of colonial labourers to work alongside those that were Indigenous, many Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island found it extremely difficult to find work outside of their reserves. Furthermore, when an economic depression hit throughout the country in 1914 the Indigenous communities, as well as settler communities, on the Island were greatly affected.
