| Brunswik Lens Model perception cue | UN Sustainable Development Goals |
| a) emissions caused directly by raising animals and livestock (global antropogenic, enteric fermentation and manure); | a) 12 Responsible Consumption and Production |
| b) production location (cost of transport for distribution) | b) 2 Zero Hunger |
| c) technologies required to use food product/recipe (oven, water, refrigerator) | c) 7 Affordable and Clean Energy |
| d) packaging (is it biodegradable, can it be recycled, reused, edible) | d) 13 Climate Action |
| e) waste (ability to change serving size, percentage of food product used | e) 6 Clean Water and Sanitation |
| f) capacity (qualified agricultural expertise, innovative engineering) | f) 4 Quality Education |
| g) institutional priorities and constraints (square footage, risk, liability, cost, ownership, business contracts, partnerships) | g) 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure |
| h) import/export (is it a cash crop for Canadian farmers, or a backyard business) | h) 1 No Poverty |
| SDG Action Goals | UN Sustainable Development Goals |
| Goal 1- End Poverty in all forms everywhere through the facilitation of e-Agriculture and increased cognition regarding commodity values and trade balances of field vegetables and fruit farms in Canada and prosperous in BC. The Food Index using the sustainability Brunswik lens model considers food according to export value and import cost, cash crops and backyard farms. If a person has a piece of land, access to a community garden or a pot to put soil in, anyone can garden. Seeds are relatively cheap ($0.79-1.29) and yield multiple crops in one season to enjoy and save on costs predicted to be rising in the future. | 1 No Poverty |
| Goal 2- End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. The simplistic nature of gardening and use of clean technology affords even the most marginalized of individuals to benefit from building capacity and growing their own food. | 2 Zero Hunger |
| Goal 3 – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Home grown, fruit, field vegetables contribute to a healthy lifestyle due to their lack of pesticides. | 3 Good Health and Well Being |
| Goal 4- Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong opportunities for all. A promoted website allows access to all members of the community, and provides alumni with access to innovation and updates for the rest of their lives. Submitting an idea to the website is another way to give back to the community, while publishing community recipes is a way to be inclusive and equitable in the cultural dietary innovations and traditional teachings related to sustainable food. | 4 Quality Education |
| Goal 5- Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Ensuring that all genders feel included in the community sustainability as stakeholders and members. | 5 Gender Equality |
| Goal 6-Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Sustainable management of water includes considering the use of green spaces for additional community gardens and increased cognition on responsible consumption of water. Removal of pesticides and holistic methods decrease water required to clean food prior to eating. | 6 Clean Water and Sanitation |
| Goal 7- Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Clean energy and simple technological innovations are modelled on the website and recipes are in line with affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all to produce, transport, store and prepare for eating. | 7 Affordable and Clean Energy |
| Goal 8- Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Commodity Values were provided by Statistics Canada (2021) to provide data from on trade balance of import and exported goods. Number of fruit farms and field vegetable farms per province is also included in the Brunswik model. | 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth |
| Goal 9- Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. The website contains examples of recent and simple concepts for agricultural innovation and considers capacity building for e-Agricultural pursuits. | 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure |
| Goal 10- Reduce inequality within and among countries. Statistics Canada provides data (2021) ranking countries among top importers and exporters for Canadian agriculture. This has been included in the Data Tables and Brunswik model | 10 Reduced Inequalities |
| Goal 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable | 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities |
| Goal 12- Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. Sustainable consumption and production are evident on the website and help to increase student, staff and community cognition regarding tips for planting such as 1st plant, 2nd plant 3rd plant to ensure all of your garden is not ready for eating on the same day, or planning for using water falling off higher leaves to land on shorter stalks such as carrots around the perimeter. The reduction of beef, poultry and dairy for sustainable consumption and to reduce GHG emissions. Watering at early morning hours due to extreme heat in the afternoons. | 12 Responsible Consumption and Production |
| Goal 13- Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Researchers call for a rapid dietary shift away from beef, poultry and dairy. The website increases cognition for students, staff and community to see ways to make dietary changes in their lifestyle on campus and at home. Vegan recipes and food product indexes provide examples of sustainable food options that are not accompanied with harmful packaging, transport costs, and help end both poverty and hunger while potentially leading to innovation and community engagement | 13 Climate Action |
SDG The 17 Goals
| Brunswik Lens Model perception cue | FAO |
| a) emissions caused directly by raising animals and livestock (global antropogenic, enteric fermentation and manure); | a) The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reported on the global emissions from livestock in 2015, concluding that 3.62B emissions occur directly by raising animals and livestock and is attributed to 11.2 percent of total global antropogenic GHG emissions (FAO, 2015). According to FAO (2015) emissions reduction from the livestock sector can be achieved by reducing production and consumption. |
| b) production location (cost of transport for distribution) | b) The production of vegetables is one response to the changing diets and challenges enforced on the food supply that rapid urbanization has caused. Criticisms of both traditional methods of research and sustainability have suggested holistic approaches and capacity building offer a way to improve and raise efficacy of the agriculture industry (Banson et al., 2016). |
| c) technologies required to use food product/recipe (oven, water, refrigerator) | c) Challenges to the production of vegetables include concerns related to: polluted irrigation systems such as the use of wastewater, wastewater treatments, other risk factors or sources of pathogens, limited access to piped water, and a lack of cool transport and storage (Drechsel et al., 2008). Feedback from this capacity building initiative indicated that more basic problems such as a lack of electricity and significant cash flow problems added to a low level of motivation to engage in the training (Drechsel et al., 2008). Suggestions to increase motivation through developing local commitment included a better understanding of individual priorities and how those align with institutional priorities constraints and capacities (Obuobie et al., 2016). When technological innovations are suggested, assumptions may be made about the technologies available to address them and the human and natural resources assumed present and of which are required to apply those technologies. |
| d) packaging (is it biodegradable, can it be recycled, reused, edible) | d) Challenges to the production of vegetables include concerns related to: polluted irrigation systems such as the use of wastewater, wastewater treatments, other risk factors or sources of pathogens, limited access to piped water, and a lack of cool transport and storage (Drechsel et al., 2008). |
| e) waste (ability to change serving size, percentage of food product used | e) Challenges to the production of vegetables include concerns related to: polluted irrigation systems such as the use of wastewater, wastewater treatments, other risk factors or sources of pathogens, limited access to piped water, and a lack of cool transport and storage (Drechsel et al., 2008). |
| f) capacity (qualified agricultural expertise, innovative engineering) | f) One of the key actions implemented was the development of e-Agriculture noting the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in a recognized facilitator role. The FAO currently hosts a global community of practice that facilitates dialogue, information exchange and sharing of ideas related to the use of information and communication technologies. https://www.fao.org When technological innovations are suggested, assumptions may be made about the technologies available to address them and the human and natural resources assumed present and of which are required to apply those technologies. Several challenging and diverse aspects to Agriculture Sustainability contribute to impediments of the progress of e-Agriculture for rural farmers in Asia and Africa. Criticisms of both traditional methods of research and sustainability have suggested holistic approaches and capacity building offer a way to improve and raise efficacy of the agriculture industry (Banson et al., 2016). |
| g) institutional priorities and constraints (square footage, risk, liability, cost, ownership, business contracts, partnerships) | g) Drechsel et al. (2008) identified capacity building in policy awareness, with an aim to change professional attitudes and develop analytical problem-solving which was followed by a phase of monitoring and evaluation focused on receptivity, mood and behavioural changes. Feedback from this capacity building initiative indicated that more basic problems such as a lack of electricity and significant cash flow problems added to a low level of motivation to engage in the training (Drechsel et al., 2008). Suggestions to increase motivation through developing local commitment included a better understanding of individual priorities and how those align with institutional priorities constraints and capacities (Obuobie et al., 2016). Institutional determinants that affect smallholder farmers include gender relations, markets, standards, income distribution, land titling and systems of governance (Struik et al., 2014). |
| h) import/export (is it a cash crop for Canadian farmers, or a backyard business) | h) Institutional determinants that affect smallholder farmers include gender relations, markets, standards, income distribution, land titling and systems of governance (Struik et al., 2014). While agricultural policies have been identified as a major challenge, the poverty levels for many rural farmers in Asia and Africa have also been noted as contributing to the unsustainable manner in which natural resources are used. Despite the importance of agriculture to the economy of these rural areas, natural ecosystems are degrading due to the unsustainable manner in which resources are being used (Banson et al., 2016). |